| Family |
Menispermaceae |
| English Name |
Indian Tinospora, Guluchi, Gioli |
| Malayalam Name |
Chittamruthu, Amruthu |
| Tamil Name |
Amradvalli, Culavarini |
| Kannada Name |
Amradvalli, Culavarini |
| Telugu Name |
Thippatheega |
| Hindi Name |
Gulancha, Gulbel |
| Sanskrit Name |
Guruchi |
| Trade Name |
Indian Tinospora, Guluchi, Gioli |
| Part Used |
Stem |
| In Wild |
NA |
| Under Cultivation |
NA |
| Temperature |
NA |
| Rainfall |
NA |
| Farmers |
NA |
| Traders |
NA |
| Institution |
NA |
| Individually |
NA |
| State/Region |
NA |
| District |
NA |
| Nursery Information |
NA |
| Yield |
The plant yields about 1500 kg of fresh woody stem, reduced to 300 kg of dry weight per
hectare in about two years. |
| Economic of cultivation |
1. Cost of cultivation: ₹ 5000 per hectare.
2. Market price: Dried stem - ₹ 40 per kg (as on
June 2019). |
| Quantitative quality standards |
1. Foreign matter: Not more than 2.0 per cent
2. Total Ash: Not more than 7.0 per cent
3. Acid-insoluble ash: Not more than 0.8 per
cent
4. Ethanol-soluble extractive: Not less than
6.0 per cent
5. Water-soluble extractive: Not less than
13.0 per cent
6. Loss on drying: Not more than 7.5 per cent |
| Description |
Glabrous, deciduous climber; stems smooth, developing a thin parchment-like bark. Leaves simple, alternate, 5-15x 5-13 cm broadly cordate to cordate, basal sinus often very broad, apex abruptly acuminate,; petioles 2-7 cm long. Inflorescences up to 15 cm long, appearing with leaves. Male flowers: main outer 3 sepals greenish-yellow, ovate, inner 3 elliptic, concave; petals rhombic-clawed, externally papillose towards base, 2-2.5 mm long; stamen, 3 mm long. Female flowers: petals broadly spathulate; staminodes 1.5 mm long, carpels 1.8 mm long. Drupes red, endocarp thinly bony, broadly elliptic to sub rotund in outline, 6-7 mm long. |
| Agro technology/Cultivation practices |
The plant is very hardy and it can be grown in almost all climates and soil types but thrives best in warm climate with medium black or red soil.
Cultivation
1. Planting stock production: It is propagated through seeds and stem
cuttings. The best way is vegetative method. About 2500 cuttings are
required for planting in 1 hectare of land. No specific treatment is
required before planting of cuttings.
2. Planting and Land preparation: The land is ploughed, harrowed, and made
weed-free. The cuttings of the small finger thickness with 6 to 8 inch
length long stem having two nodes are used. The stem cuttings are
planted directly in the field. An optimum spacing of 3 m × 3 m is
recommended for better yield. The plant requires support to grow, which
can be provided by raising wooden stakes/ trellis or support preferably
Neem and Mango trees, such plants are supposed to possess better
medicinal values. The rooting of the cuttings takes almost 4 to 5 weeks.
3. Manuring/ Fertilization: A basal dose of farmyard manure may be given at
the time of land preparation. About two to three weeding and hoeing are
required for good growth of twiner.
4. Irrigation: The crop is grown under rain-fed conditions. However,
occasional irrigation during extremes of cold and hot weather may help
the crop survive adverse conditions.
5. Pests and diseases : There are no serious pests/ diseases reported. |
| Harversting |
The stem is harvested during post monsoon season when it develops to a diameter of more than 1.5 cm (usually after 15 months of planting). Basal part is left for further growth. |
| Processing |
The stem should be cut into small pieces and dried in shade. It can be stored in gunny bags, and kept in cool and airy storage godown. Stem bark peels off even by touch, thus stem should be cut very cautiously as peeled stem decays very soon.
|
| References |
NA |
